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1. Brown, R. E., An Introduction to the New Testament. N.Y., Doubleday, 1997.
2. Hunter, Archibald M., Interpreting Paul¡¦s Gospel. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1954.
3. Hunter, Archibald M., Paul and His Predecessors, Philadelphia: Westminster, 1961.
4. Meeks, W. A. The First Urban Christians: The Social World of the Apostle Paul. New Haven, CT.: Yale University Press, 1983.
5. Metzger, Bruce M., The New Testament its Background, Growth, and Content. Nashville: Abingdon, 1975, 1983 (·s¬ù¾É½×¡A»´ä¡G°ò·þ±Ð¤åÃÀ¥Xª©ªÀ¡A1976)¡C
6. Munck, Johannes, Paul and the Salvation of Mankind. Atlanta: John Knox, 1959.
7. The New Interpreter¡¦s Bible, v. 10, edited by Leander E. Keck, Nashville: Abingdon, 2002.
8. Stendahl, Krister, Paul Among Jews and Gentiles. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1976.
9. Stirewalt, M. Luther, Jr., Paul: The Letter Writer. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2003
10. Strchan, Robert Harvey, The Interpreter¡¦s Bible New Testament Articles. N. Y.: Abingdon, (¸t¸g¦ÒÄÀ¤j¥þ¡G·s¬ù½×ÂO¡A»´ä¡G°ò·þ±Ð¤åÃÀ¥Xª©ªÀ¡A1959, 1982)¡C
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«Où¬O°ò·þ±ÐÂX®i¤§³Ì«n¤Hª«¡A³QºÙ¬°¥~¨¹¨Ï®{¡C«ö¶Ç²Î¨Ó»¡¡A¥Lªº®Ñ«H¥H¼Æ¶q¦Ó¨¥¡A¬ù¦û·s¬ùªº¤j¬ù¤@¥b¡C¥L¤]¬O°ò·þ±Ð±Ð¸qªº¸àÄÀªÌ¡AnÁA¸Ñ°ò·þ±Ðªº©Ý®i¤@©wnÁA¸Ñ«Où©M¥Lªº§@«~¡C·í¥N±Ð·|À³¸Ó±q«Oùªº«ä·Q¡A¨Ó¤F¸Ñ¥H°ò·þ¬°¤¤¤ßªº¤@¯«½×¡A©M¦b¸t¯«¸Ìªº·s¬ù¹ï±Ð·|ªº·N¸q¡A¨Ã¥H¦¹¨âªÌ¡A§@¬°±Ð·|¥Í¬¡©M´¶¥@«Å±Ðªº°ò¦¡B®Ú¾Ú¡B¤º®e»P§Î¦¡¡C¾ú¥v¾Ç®a¨F¤Ò»{¬°¡G«Oùªº®¬§ï¤£³æ¬O¥L¦Û¤v¥Í©R¥v¤WªºÂà±ÊÂI¡A§ó¬O¨Ï®{®É¥N±Ð·|ªº«n¬ö¤¸¡A¶i¦Ó¼vÅT¨ì¾ãÓ¤HÃþªº¾ú¥v¡C³o¬O¦Û¤¦¯¸`ªº¯«ÂÝ¥H¨Ó³Ì¨ã¼vÅT¤Oªº¨Æ¥ó¡A¨Ï°ò·þ±Ð±o¨ì´¶¥@©Êªº³Ó§Q¡C
¤T¡B¦¨®Ñ¦~¥N¡G¤j¬ù¬O¦b50¦Ü62¦~¤§¶¡§¹¦¨ªº¡C
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«Où¦~ªí¡G¡]«Oùªº¦~¥N¥H¡AThe New Interpreter¡¦s Bible, v. 10, p. 373 ¬°·Ç¡A¥t°Ñ¦Ò Brown, R. E., An Introduction to the New Testament, p. 428¡^¡C
33 C. E. |
«Où¦b©¹¤j°¨¤h²ªº¸ô¤W¹J¨£´_¬¡ªº¥D¡A²´·ú´N¼È®É½M¤F¡C¥L©¹¤j°¨¤h²¡A¦b¨º¸Ì«¨£¥ú©ú¡A¨Ã¨ü¬~¡]®{9:3-19¡A22:6-21¡A26:12-18¡A¥[1:17¡^¡C |
35 C.E. |
¥hC¸ô¼»§N¡]®{9:19-25¡A¥[1¡G18-20¡^¡C |
35?-47? C.E. |
¥L¦bªü©Ô§B¦í¤@¬q¤é¤l¡]¥[1:17¡^¡AµM«á¦^¤j°¨¤h²¤T¦~¡A¦A©¹C¸ô¼»§N¡]®{9:26-29,¡^¡C¢®`¨Ó¡A¦^®a¶m¤j¼Æ¡A¤Ú®³¤Ú¨Ó¡A±a¥L¥h¦b¦¨ªø¡A¦hºØ±Úªº¦w´£ªü±Ð·|¡]®{11¡G19-26¡^¡C |
47-48 C.E. |
¦w´£ªü±Ð·|¥Xµo²Ä¤@¦¸¶Ç¹D®È¦æ¡]®{13-14³¹¡AµÌ4¡G15¡^¡C |
48 C. E. |
²Ä¤G¦¸¥hC¸ô¼»§N¡AC¸ô¼»§N·|ij¡]®{15:1-12¡A¥[ 2¡G1-10¡^¡C |
49 C.E. |
²Ä¤G¦¸¶Ç¹D®È¦æ¡]®{16-17³¹¡AµÌ4¡G15¡^¡C |
49-52 C.E. |
²Ä¤T¦¸¶Ç¹D®È¦æ:ôªL¦h¡]®{18¡G1-11¡^¡C |
50 C.E. |
¼g©«¼»Ã¹¥§{«e®Ñ¡B©«¼»Ã¹¥§{«á®Ñ¡C |
53-56 |
²Ä¤T¦¸¶Ç¹D®È¦æ:¥H¥±©Ò ¡]®{19³¹¡^¡C |
53 C.E. |
¼g¥[©Ô¤Ó®Ñ¡C |
54 C.E. |
¼gôªL¦h«e®Ñ¡C |
55 C.E. |
¼gµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¡BµÌ§Qªù®Ñ 55-60 ¼gôªL¦h«á®Ñ¡C |
56 C.E. |
«Où¦A³XôªL¦h(ªL«á 13:2, cf. 10:11, 12:21, 2:13)¡C |
57 C.E. |
«Où¤T³XôªL¦h (®{20:1-3, II Cor 13:1)¡C¼gù°¨®Ñ¡C |
57-59 CE |
¦b¸Ó¼»§Q¨È¨ü¼f(®{23:32-26:21)¡C |
58 C.E. |
¼gºqù¦è®Ñ¡B¥H¥±©Ò®Ñ¡C |
60-62 CE |
¨ìù°¨¨üºÊ¸T (®{28:15-31) ¡C |
62-? |
¨ì¦è¯Z¤ú¶Ç¹D(ù 15:22-4) ¼g´£¡]¼¯¤Ó«e®Ñ¡B´£¼¯¤Ó«á®Ñ¡B´£¦h®Ñ¡H¡^¡C |
64 C.E. |
¶Ç»¡«Où¦b¥§¸S¤ý¤â¤U®î¹D¡A¬ù¬°64¦~¡C |
¤¡B«Où®Ñ«Hªº¯SÂI¦p¤U¡G«Où®Ñ«Hªº®æ¦¡¡]Brown, An Introduction to the New Testament., p. 412-419¡^¡G
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¤T¤@¹| ¡]Doxology of God¡^¡GÄ@ºaÄ£ÂǵÛC¿q°ò·þÂk»P¿W¤@¥þ´¼ªº¤W«Ò¡Aª½¨ì¥Ã»·¡IªüÌ (ù16:27)¡CÄ@ºaÄ£Âk©ó§Ú̪º¤÷¤W«Ò¡A¥@¥@µL½a¡IªüÌ (µÌ 4:20)¡C
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¯¬ºÖ (benediction): ¤À¬°¤T¶µ¡C a) ¹|ºa¡]Doxology of God¡^¡Gù°¨®Ñ¡]16¡G25-27¡^¡BµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¡]4¡G20¡^¡C b) ®¦¨å ¡]Grace¡^¡G¦³¤K¥»®Ñ«H¥Î§Ú¥DC¿q°ò·þ®¦¨å»P§A̦P¦b¡B¦³¤¥»®Ñ«H¥Î®¦¨å»P§A̦P¦b¡C c) ¸t§k (Holy kiss)¡G ù°¨®Ñ¡BôªL¦h«e®Ñ¡BôªL¦h«á®Ñ¡B©«¼»Ã¹¥§{«e®Ñ¡C
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ñ¦W¡G«Où®Ñ«H¤¤¨Ç®Ñ«H½T¹ê¬O¥L¿Ëµ§©Ò¼g¡A¦p¡GôªL¦h«e®Ñ ¡]16¡G21¡^¡B¥[©Ô¤Ó¡]6¡G11¡^¡Bºqù¦è®Ñ (4¡G18)¡B©«¼»Ã¹¥§{«á®Ñ(3¡G17)¡BµÌ§Qªù®Ñ (v. 19)¡C¥Lªºªøªº®Ñ«H¡A¦p¡Gù°¨®Ñ¥Ñ®Ñ°O°O¼w¥á¡]Tertius¡^¥N¼g¡]ù16¡G22¡^¡C¦b³o¨Ç¥N¼gªº«H¤¤¡A¦³®ÉÃø§K¤¤Â_¡A¥i¯ànµ¥¨ì¦¸¤é¤~¦AÄ~Äò¤U¥h¡C¦bµÌ¤G³¹¤T¤Q¸`¤Î¤T³¹¤@¸`¤§¶¡¡A«ä·Q¬ðµM¤¤Â_¡A«Ü¥i¯à¬O¦b³oºØ±¡§Î¤Uµo¥Íªº¡]Metzger, Bruce M., ·s¬ù¾É½×¡Ap. 243¡^¡C
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±Ð·|®Ñ«H©MÓ¤H®Ñ«H¡CÓ¤H®Ñ«H¦³ªª·|®Ñ«H ¡]Pastoral Epistles¡^©M¤@¥»¼gµ¹Ó¤Hªº«HµÌ§Qªù®Ñ¡C±Ð·|®Ñ«H¡G¼gµ¹±Ð·|ªº¡A¥L¬On¦b»E·|®É¤½¶}¾\Ū¡A¥i¥Xª©ªº¦Ó¥B¤º®e¦³¹D¼wÄU»¡ ¡]Brown, R. E., An Introduction to the New Testament., p. 410¡^¡C±Æ¦C¤è±¡G
¤º®eªøªº«H©ñ¸m©ó«e±¡A¤º®eµuªº¸m©ó«á±¡C¦b³o¸Ì¥u¦³¥[©Ô¤Ó©M¥H¥±©Ò¦³ÂI¥X¤J¡A¥H¥±©Ò¤ñ¥[©Ô¤Ó¦h¨â¦Ê¦r¡C¤T¥@¬ö(200 C.E.) ªº Chester Beatty §Û¥»¤¤¥H¥±©Ò©ó¥[©Ô¤Ó¤§«e¡]Brown, R. E., An Introduction to the New Testament, p. 410¡^¡C±µ¤U¨Ó¬Oªª·|®Ñ«H¡A¥]¬A¡G´£¼¯¤Ó«e®Ñ¡B´£¼¯¤Ó«á®Ñ¡B´£¦h®Ñ¡CÓ¤H®Ñ«HµÌ§Qªù®Ñ¸m©ó³Ì«á±¡C±Æ¦C¤è±¡G«ö¦~¥N±Æ¥i¤À¬°¥|²Õ¡A¨C²Õ¦³¤@¯«¾Ç«ÂI¡C
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¥½¥@½×¡G©«¼»Ã¹¥§{«e®Ñ¡A©M©«¼»Ã¹¥§{«á®Ñ¡C
±ÏÅ«½×¡G¥[©Ô¤Ó®Ñ¡BôªL¦h«e®Ñ¡BôªL¦h«á®Ñ¡Bù°¨®Ñ¡C
°ò·þ½×¡G¥H¥±©Ò®Ñ¡Bºqù¦è®Ñ¡BµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¡CµÌ§Qªù®Ñ¥ç¦b¦¹´Á§¹¦¨¡C
ªª·|¾Ç¡G´£¼¯¤Ó«e®Ñ¡B´£¼¯¤Ó«á®Ñ¡B´£¦h®Ñ¡]Metzger, Bruce M., ·s¬ù¾É½×¡App. 245¡^¡C
¶Ç²Î¥H¬°±qù°¨®Ñ¨ìµÌ§Qªù®Ñµ¥13«Ê®Ñ«H³£¬O«Où©Ò¼g¡C²{¦b¤@¨Ç¾ÇªÌ»{¬°¡Gù°¨¡AôªL¦h«e®Ñ¡AôªL¦h«á®Ñ¡A¥[©Ô¤Ó¡AµÌ¥ß¤ñ¡A©«¼»Ã¹¥§{«e®Ñ¡AµÌ§QªùµLºÃ¬O«Où©Ò¼g¡C¹ï©ó¨ä¥L¦U®Ñ§@ªÌ¡A·N¨£¯É¯Æ¡C¥i¯à¬O«Oùªº·N¨£¦Ó¥Ñªù¤H»Ú¸ü¡A©Î¥Ñªù¤H©Ò¼gªººÙ¬°ºÃ¦ü°°§@¡]Possibly pseudonymous¡^¡G¥H¥±©Ò®Ñ¡Aºqù¦è®Ñ¡A©«¼»Ã¹¥§¥[«á®Ñ¡B´£¼¯¤Ó«e®Ñ¡A´£¼¯¤Ó«á®Ñ©M´£¦h ¡]Brown, R. E., An Introduction to the New Testament, p. 407 ¡^¡C
«Où¥HªªªÌ©MÅv«ÂªÌªº¨¥÷¼g«H¡A¦Ó¨ü«HªÌ¥²¶·ªA±q¡]©««e4¡G2¡B©««á2¡G15¡B3: 6 & 14¡^«Où»{¬°¥Lªº¤Æ¦³¸t¯«±Ò¥Ü¡]ªL«e 2¡G13¡^©Î¥Dªº©R¥O¡]ªL«e 14¡G37¡^¡C¥Lªº¸Ü¦³Åv«Â¤£¬O¦]¬°¦Û¤v¥»¨ªºÀu¶V·P¡A¦]¬°¥L¦ÛºÙ§Ú¦b¨Ï®{¤¤ì¬O³Ì·L¤pªº¡A¤£°tºÙ¬°¨Ï®{¡A¦]¬°§Ú¢®`¹L¤W«Òªº±Ð·|¡]ªL«e15:9¡^¡C¦Ó¬O¤W«Òªº¤W«Òªº®t¬£¡A¥L»¡¡G§Ú¨S¦³±q¥ô¦ó¤H±µ¨ü³oºÖµ¡A¤]¨S¦³¦V¥ô¦ó¤H¨D±Ð¹L¡A¦Ó¬OC¿q°ò·þ¿Ë¦Û¦V§Ú±Ò¥Üªº¡]Metzger, Bruce M., ·s¬ù¾É½×¡App. 244¡^¡C
«Où®Ñ«Hªº·§n¡G¡]Metzger, Bruce M., ·s¬ù¾É½×¡App. 245-273¡^
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