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宗教音樂導論

基督教聖詩源起

彌撒曲 1

彌撒曲 2

Miserere

莫拉維亞聖詩

維瓦第及其宗教音樂

日內瓦韻文詩篇

日內瓦韻文詩篇 42

古德梅

Ave Maria


古典音樂欣賞

文集

認識聖詩

新聖詩

聖詩1-100首

聖詩101-200首

聖詩201-400首

聖詩401-523首

台、英語聖詩譜


 彌 撒 曲  (Mass)  

以天主教所用的彌撒儀文為歌詞所譜的曲。15世紀以前,是 無伴奏曲,15到17世紀改為由聲樂和管風琴交替進行。17世紀起採用管弦樂伴奏,並插入獨唱、重唱等。歌詞用拉丁文。結束時的唱詞有“Ite,Missaest”(意為“回去吧,彌撒禮成”),Missa之名由此而來。彌撒曲分普通、安魂、婚禮、主教等類型,以普通彌撒用途較廣,分常用 (Ordinary) 及特別 (Proper) 兩部份。 特別部份的歌曲較多,部份歌詞會跟隨節日或特別宗教節日而變化。常用部份所用的歌曲有垂憐曲 (Kyrie),光榮頌 (Gloria) ,信經  (Credo) ,歡呼歌 (Sanctus) ,羔羊讚 (Agnus Dei) 五個樂章,歌詞通常都是固定的。路德會的彌撒通常只有兩個樂章,稱為 Missa Brevis (short mass)。巴哈於1733年寫的彌撒只有Kyrie和Gloria,後來加上其他部分於1749年才成為B小調彌撒,另外他還寫了 BWV233-236 四首路德會彌撒。巴哈的「 B 小調彌撒」與Mozart「 C 小 調彌撒」( KV427 )、貝 多芬「莊嚴彌撒」並列三大彌撒曲。

宗教改革之後,彌撒曲已非天主教專用,信奉新教的作曲家們也常採用彌撒曲的形式進行創作,內容和結構也有所變化並非全部只是用音樂頌唱,亦有其他非音樂部份,例如讀經、證道等。著名的彌撒曲有巴哈的b 小調彌撒曲 (b minor Mass)、莫札特的安魂曲 (Requiem) 、貝多芬的 D 調莊嚴彌撒曲 (Missa Solemnis),而布拉姆斯 (Brahms) 、白遼士 (Berlioz) 、李斯特 (Liszt) 、威爾第 (Verdi) 、佛瑞 (Faure) 、布魯克納 (Bruckner) 等作曲家,都曾創作著名的彌撒曲或安魂曲。發展至浪漫樂期後期,彌撒曲已經在實際的禮儀不大實用,但作曲家們仍覺得創作彌撒曲是偉大的挑戰和成就。

歌詞如下:

  1. 垂憐曲 Kyrie (聖詩495)

用於一般禮拜中,可在認罪、懇求、代禱之後由會眾或聖歌隊吟唱。

Kyrie eleison (Lord have mercy upon us) 上帝請憐憫我們

Christe eleison (Christ have mercy on us)    基督請憐憫我們

Kyrie eleison (Lord have mercy upon us) 上帝請憐憫我們

  1. 光榮頌  Gloria  (聖詩499)

    在舊約或詩篇之後吟唱,也可用在赦罪文或感謝讚美的祈禱後唱之。

Gloria in excelsis Deo (Glory be to God on high) 榮耀歸於至高上帝

et in terra pax hominibus bonae voluntatis. Laudamus te, benedicimus te, adoramus te, glorificamus te. Gratias agimus tibi propter magnam gloriam tuam. Domine Deus, Rex coelestis, Deus Pater omnipotens. (Glory to God in the Highest, And peace to His people on earth.Lord God, heavenly King, Almighty   God and Father;We worship you, we give you thanks,We praise you for your glory.Lord Jesus Christ, Only Son of the   Father. Lord God, Lamb of God, You take away the sins of the world, Have mercy on us;You are seated at the right hand of the Father Receive our prayer. For You alone are the Holy One,You alone are the Lord, You alone are the Most High. Jesus Christ, with the Holy Spirit In the Glory of God the Father.)

  1. 信經 Credo  - Credo in unum Deum (I believe in one God) 我相信獨一的神(尼西亞信經)

  2. 歡呼歌 Sanctus (Holy, holy, holy)(聖詩505) 聖哉,聖哉,聖哉

    聖餐的祝謝祈禱之後,讚美三一真神

Sanctus, sanctus, sanctus, Dominus Deus Sabaoth. Pleni sunt coeli et terra gloria ejus. Osanna in excelsis. Benedictus qui venit in nomine Domini. Osanna in excelsis.

(Holy, holy, holy, Lord God of hosts. Heaven and earth are full of thy glory. Hosanna in the highest. Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord. Hosanna in the highest.)

  1. 羔羊讚 Agnus Dei (Lamb of God) (聖詩506) 神的羔羊

    用在聖餐時,牧師舉杯祝謝或在擘餅時會眾一起唱。

Agnus Dei qui tolis peccata mundi, miserere nobis. (Lamb of God, who takest away the sins of the world, have mercy on us.)

Agnus Dei qui tolis peccata mundi, miserere nobis. (Lamb of God, who takest away the sins of the world, have mercy on us.)

Agnus Dei qui tolis peccata mundi, dona nobis pacem. (Lamb of God, who takest away the sins of the world, grant us peace.)

今天欣賞的是中國及拉丁美洲的彌撒曲 :

The Italian Jesuit Matteo Ricci (1552-1610利瑪竇), arrived in China in 1582. in Peking in 1589. The Jesuit missionaries, who had settled in Peking in 1589, needed to build up a library for their ministry. In 1613 father Nicolas Trigault (1577-1628), who had arrived in China in 1610, was chosen to return to Europ to collect funds and material for the Chinese mission. He carrying off a rich harvest, he set sail with other missionaries from Lisbon in 1618 and landed at Macao 2 years later.

The library collection of the Jesuit of Peking naturally became richer over the following decades. It was later recovered by the Jesuit and taken to the village on the outskirts of Shanghai ((徐家匯)where they settled in the 19th century. That part of the collection is now in the Municipal Library in Shanghai. We heard one of this collection composed by d’Ambleville

  1. Jesuit Father, Charles d’Ambleville (b. Burgundy, late 16th Century; d. Rouen, 1637)                                       Mass (Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus ) -------------------------------------------------------------------23:30

  2. Jose Mauricio NUNES GARCIA, (1767-1830, Brazil)—Mass --------------- --------------------------27:53 

  3. Ignacio De Jerusalem(? Mexico)--Mass (Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus)----------------------------------20:22

  4. Domenico Zipoli, (1688-1726)-- Mass (Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus)  ---------------------------------22:08

The composer of this mass was Zipoli. Destined for a great and bright career in rome, he got into the religious order of the Jesuits in 1716 and set off to Paraguay where he died, without having left any musical work.  It was at least what was believed until scores were discovered, preserved up to the present day by the Indians, which permitted to piece together his life and work.