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1600¦~¤§«á¦³¤@¸s¼ö¸Û¬ã¸g¡A­n©ú¥Õ¸t¸g¤Î¯u²z¡A»{¬°¥[¤J±Ð·|ªÌÀ³¬O«H¦Ó¨ü¬~ªº¦¨¤H¡A·í®É´¶¹M¬°À¦¨à¬~§¡A³o¸s±j½Õ¥u¦³¬Û«H°ò·þªº¤H¤~¯à¨ü¬~¡A¥B­n¨D¨ü¹LÂI¤ô§ªº¤HÀ³¦A¨ü®û§¡C1600¦~²üÄõ¤ÀÂ÷¬£Seperationist°kÃøªÌ¨üªù¿Õ·|¼vÅT¡A¤½²z·|ªª®v John Smyth, ( 1554-1612) »{¬°À¦¨à¬~§¬O¤£¦X¸t¸g±Ð¾É¡]¸t¸g¤¤Áö¨S¦³À¦¨à¬~§ªº¨Æ±¡¡A¦ý¦b¡m¤Q¤G¨Ï®{¿ò°V¡n¸Ì­±¦³°O¸üÃö©óÀ¦«Ä¨ü¬~¡^¡C1609¦~¥L¬°¦Û¤v©M¨ä¥L·|¤Í¦A¬I¬~¡C¥L­Ìªö¯Ç¤F®û§­ì«h¡C¦bµÜµn(Leiden)ªº±Ð·|¤¤¡A¦³¤@¦ìªª®v Henry Jacob,(1550-1616¡^©ó1612¦~¶¡¡A¦^¨ì­^°ê¡A¦bSouthwark¦¨¥ß¤F­^°ê²Ä¤@¶¡®û«H¬£±Ð·|¡C¤½¤¸1633¦~¡A¦³¨Ç¤H°h¥X³o¶¡±Ð·|¡A¦]¬°¥L­Ì°£¤F±µ¨ü¦¨¤J®û«H¡A¨Ã²`¨ü¥[º¸¤å¥D¸q¼vÅT¡C¥L­Ì©ó1641¦~¶}©l±µ¨ü®û§¬°¥¿¦¡¸t§¡A¦Û¦¹¥H«á®û§¦¨¬°­^°ê®û«H·|¤§¶Ç²Î¡C³o¤@¬£«á¨Ó³QºÙ¬°¯S§O®û§¬£¡]Particular Baptists¡^¡A¬O´£­Ò©v±Ð«H¥õ¦Û¥Ñªº¥ý¾W¡C

²üÄõªº®û§¬£¤S¨ü¨ì¨È¦Ì¯Ã´µ¥D¸q¡]Arminianism¡^[2] ªº¼vÅT¡C¨È¦Ì¯Ã´µ¥D¸q¬O¤£±µ¨ü¡u¹w©w½×¡vªº¡F¨º¨Ç±µ¨ü¨È¦Ì¯Ã´µ¥D¸qªº®û§¬£«H®{¡A«á¨Ó³QºÙ¬°´¶³q®û§¬£(General Baptists¡^¡C

¥ì§Q¨F¥Õ¤k¤ý´N¥ô¤§«á¡A°ê±Ð©M¨ä¥L¤ÀÂ÷¬£¸g¹L¼Æ¤Q¦~¤£Â_ªº§Üª§¡C³o¨Ç·s±Ð¡u¤£¦P·NªÌ¡v²×©óÀò±o©v±Ð«H¥õ¦Û¥Ñ¡C®ÚÕu¤½¤¸1689¦~ªº¡u«H¥õ®e§Ôªk®×¡v¡]The To1eration Act¡^¡A¤Z¬OÄ@·N¹ê¦æ¥H¤U¦UÂIªº¡A³£¥i¥H¦Û¥Ñ±R«ô¡G¡]1¡^µo»}®Ä©¾«Â·G»Pº¿§Q¡C¡]2¡^©Úµ´±Ð¬ÓÅv¬`¡B¤Æ½è»¡¡BÀ±¼»©M¦V°¨§Q¨È¤Î¸t®{ë§i¡C¡]3¡^±µ¨ü¡u¤T¤Q¤E«H±ø¡v¡C¨Ï·s±Ð¦U©v¬£¡A¥i¦b­^°ê¤½¶}¡C³o¨Ç¤£¦P·NªÌ¥]¬A¡Gªø¦Ñ¬£¡B¤½²z¬£¡B®û«H¬£©M¶Q®æ¬£¡A¤H¼Æ¥[°_¨Ó¬ù¬°·í®É­^°êÁ`¤H¤fªº¤Q¤À¤§¤@¡C

ªø¦Ñ¬£»P¤½²z¬£»E·|®É¡A°ÛÃý¤å¸Ö½g¡F®û«H¬£«h¬O³Ì¥ý¶}©l¦b±R«ô®É§u°Û¸t¸Ö¡C¥Ñ Ben. Keach, (1640-1704)©ó1673¦~¦b­Û´°­¥°Ïªº¯S§O®û«H·|¶}©l¹ê¬I¡C¥L¦Û¤v¬°¤½¦@§«ô¼g¸t¸Ö¡A1691¦~¥Xª©¤T¦Ê­ºªº Spiritual Melody¡A¥Ñ©ó¤º®e³h¥F¡A¦Ü¤µµL¦s¯d¡C¦ý¥L¦b±R«ô®É§u°Û¸t¸Öªº¤è¦¡«o¼s¬°À³¥Î¡C

®û«H·|±j½Õ¦a¤è±Ð·|ªº¿W¥ß©M¦Ûªv¤§ºë¯«¡A«ö·Ó·s¬ù¸t¸g©Ò±Ò¥Üªº±Ð°V«Ø¥ß­Ó§O©Êªº¦a¤è±Ð·|¡C¨C¤@³æ­Ó¦a¤è±Ð·|³£¬O¦U¦Û¦V¤W«Ò­t³d¡A¤¬¤£¤z¯A¡A¦ý©¼¦¹´L­«¡C¤½²z¬£©M®û§¬£¦³³\¦h¬Û¦ü¤§³B¡A¥L­Ì°£¤F¥D±i¦U±Ð·|À³¿W¥ß¦Û¥D¥~¡A³£¤£­«µø«H±ø¡C³o¤@ÂI®û§¬£¤ñ¤½²z¬£§ó¬Æ¡A¦]¥L­Ì©Úµ´³Q«H±ø©Ò®¹¸j¡C

¤Q¤E¥@¬ö«á¥b´Á¡A¥q¥¬¯u¡]Charles  Haddon  Spurgeon, 1834-1892¦~¡^[3] ªºÁ¿¹D²±ªp¤@®É¡FÄÝ©ó®û«H¬£¡A°£¤F¤£«HÀ¦¨à¬~§¥~¡A¥L¬O­Ó¹D¦aªº¥[º¸¤å¬£¡C

¤T¡B±Ð¸q¡G®û«H·|±Ð¸q¥i¥H¥Î¤C­Ó­^»yµu¥yªí¹F¡A¦Ó¨C¤@¥y¶}ÀYªº¦r¥À«÷°_¨Ó¬OBAPTIST¡C

  1. Biblical authority »{ÃÑ©MªÖ©w¡m¸t¸g¡nªºÅv«Â

®û«H·|¥H¡m¸t¸g¡n§@¬°«H¥õ©M¹ê½îªº³Ì°ªÅv«Â¡]­Y¤z©v¬£¦b¡m¸t¸g¡n¤§¤WÁÙ¥[¤W±Ð·|©Î¬O«H±ø¡^¡C¤@¯ë»¡¨Ó®û«H·|¤¤¹ï©ó¯S©w¯«¾Ç¥ß³õªº°õµÛ¬O¤ñ¸û²Hªº¡C®û·|¤¤¥i¯à¦³¥[º¸¤å¥D¸qªÌ¡A¤]¦³¨È¦Ì©À¥D¸qªÌ¡F¥i¯à¦³®É¥N¥D¸qªº¤ä«ùªÌ¡C±q¾ú¥vªºÆ[ÂI¨Ó¬Ý¡A®û·|¤¤ªº¯«¾Ç¬OÂ×´I¦Ó¦h¼Ëªº¡C

  1. Autonomy of the local church ¦Û¥Dªº¦a¤è±Ð·|
  2. Priesthood of the believer «H®{¬Ò²½¥q¡]«H®{³£¬O¤H¤H¥­µ¥ªº¡^
  3. Two ordinances - Believer's Baptism and Symbolic Communion ¨âºØ±Ð·|§»ö-«H®{ªº®û§»P¬ö©À©Ê½èªº¥DÀ\
  4. Individual soul liberty ¤H¦³¤W«Ò©Ò½çªº¦Û¥Ñ·N§Ó¨Ó¿ï¾Ü¥Lªº«H¥õ¡A¦ý¤H¤]­n¹ï¦Û¤v¦Û¥Ñ·N§Óªº¦æ¨Ï­t³d¥ô
  5. Separation of Church and State ¬F±Ð¤ÀÂ÷
  6. Two offices of the church - Pastor and Deacon ªª®v©M°õ¨Æ§@¬°±Ð·|¹²¤HªºÂ¾¥÷

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  1. Beliver's baptism «H®{ªº®û§
  2. Autonomy of the local congregation within the associational framework ¦Ûªv¦Ó¤¬§Uªº¦a¤è·|²³
  3. Primacy of Scripture ¡m¸t¸g¡n­º­n©M¨ô¶Vªº¦a¦ì
  4. True belivers only in the church ¯u«H®{²Õ¦¨ªº±Ð·|
  5. Individual competency and the beliver's preisthood ¦b¸tÆF¤Þ¾É¤U¤H¤H³£¦³¯à¤O»{ÃѤW«Ò¥H¤Î¤H¤H¬Ò²½¥q
  6. Seperation of Church and State ¬F±Ð¤ÀÂ÷
  7. Two ordinaces ¨âºØ±Ð·|§»ö-®û§»P¬ö©À©Ê½èªº¥DÀ\

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®û«H·|¦³¤@¦Ê¦h­Ó¬£§O¡G¦b¬ü°ê¦³¤G¤Q¤C­Ó¬£§O¡A¦@¦³±Ð·|95,000¶¡¡C·|¤Í¬ù¤G¤d¤K¦Ê¸U¤H¡C¨ä¤¤³Ì¤j¬£§O¬°¬ü«n®û«H·|¦³¤@¤d¥|¦Ê¸U¤H¡A¬O¬ü°ê·s±Ð³Ì¤j©v¬£¡C¦b¥xÆWºÙ¬°¤¤µØ°ò·þ±Ð®û«H·|¡A¥HÃh®¦°ó³Ì¦³¦W¡FAmerican Baptist Association (·|­û250,000); American Baptist Church in the U.S.A. (1,549,220)¡FBaptist Bible Fellowship, International (100,00,000); National Baptist Convention of the U.S.A. (7 million, black); National Baptist Covention of America (2.7 million, Black); Free Will Baptist (240,000); Conservative Baptist Association of America (205,000®û«Å)¡FDuck River of Baptists (10,416); General Association of Regular Baptist (260,000); General Baptist (72,263); Landmark Baptist (1.5 million); Primitive Baptist (72,000), etc¡C

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[1] ¦b²Ä¥|¥@¬ö¬y¦æ©ó¥_«Dªº¦h¯Ç®{¬£ (Donatism)¡A¨ä»â³S¦h¯Ç®{¬°¥[¤jªG¦a°Ïªº¥D±Ð (313-347)¡A³o¹B°Ê©Ò°¾­«ªº¦b©ó°í¦u±Ð·|ªº¯Â¼ä©Ê¡A¤£±µ¯Ç´¿¸g¦bù°¨¬Ó«Ò¥á§J¨½¥Ð­¢®`±Ð·|®É¶^­Ëªº«H®{¡A¨Ã¥B»{¬°´¿¸g¶^­Ëªº¸t¾¤H­û¬°«H®{©Ò¬I¦æªº¸t§µL®Ä¡A¥L­Ì»{¬°¸t§ªº¦³®Ä©Ê¤£³æ¬O¦b©ó±Â¤©Åv¬`ªº±Ð·|¡A¤]¦b©ó¬I§ªº¸t¤u¤H­û¥»¨­¬O§_¸t¼ä¡C¥Ñ©ó¥L­Ì¥H¬°¦Û¤v¬O°ß¤@¸t¼äªº±Ð·|¡A©Ò¥H¤Z¬O¥[¤J¦h¯Ç®{±Ð·|ªº«H®{¡A´N¬O´¿¦b¤j¤½±Ð·|¨ü¬~ªº¡A³£»Ý­n­«·s±µ¨ü¬~§¡A³o¬O­«¬~¬£¤§¨Ó·½¡C

[2]  ¨È¦Ì¯Ã´µ¥D¸q¡]Arminianism¡^ ²üÄõ¿W¥ß«á169A.D.¡^¡A¥H¥[º¸¤å¥D¸q¬°°ê±Ð¡AÁö³Q¤j³¡¥÷¤H±µ¯Ç¡A¦ý¤´¦³³\¦h¤H¤£¯à¦P·N¥[º¸¤åªº¯«¾Ç¡A

¨ä¤¤¤Ï¹ïÁn®ö³Ì¤jªº¬O¨È¦Ì¯Ã´µ¡]Jacob Arminius¡A1560-1609¡^¡C¥L¦­¦~¨ü±Ð©ó¤ê¤º¥Ë¾Ç°|²Ä¤@¥ô®Õªø§B¼»¡]Beza¡^ªù¤U¡A¦ý¦]¤Ï¹ï²üÄõ«Å¥¬¥[º¸¤å¥D¸q¬°°ê±Ð¡A¥t¦³¥D±i¡A«áºÙ¨È¦Ì¯Ã´µ¥D¸q¡A©ó1618¦~¦h¯S·|ij¡]Synod of Dort¡^¤¤¡A¨È¦Ì¯Ã´µ¥D¸q³Q§P¬°²§ºÝ¡A³v¥X±Ð·|©M°ê¹Ò¡C¦ý¨È¦Ì¯Ã´µ¥D¸q«o¤´²`²`¼vÅT«á¥@¡A¤×¨ä¬O½Ã´µ²z¡]Wesley¡^¡C

¨È¦Ì¯Ã´µ¥D¸q¯«¾Ç©M¥[º¸¤å¥D¸q¯«¾Ç­è¦n¬Û¤Ï¡G

  ¨È¦Ì¯Ã´µ¥D¸q ¥[º¸¤å¥D¸q¡]Calvinism¡^
1 ·N§Óªº¥i¯à¡]Human Ability¡^ §¹¥þªº¼Z¸¨¡]Total Depravity¡^
2 ¦³±ø¥óªº´z¿ï¡]Conditional Election¡^ µL±ø¥óªº´z¿ï¡]Unconditional Election¡^
3 µL­­ªº±ÏÅ«¡]Unlimited Atonement¡^ ¦³­­ªº¥NÅ«¡]Limited Atonement¡^
4 ¥i©Úµ´ªº®¦¨å¡]Resistable Grace¡^ ¤£¯à§Ü©Úªº®¦¨å¡]Irresistable Gr ace¡^
5 ¥i¦b®¦¨å¤¤¼Z¸¨¡]Falling from Grace¡^ «H®{¥Ã»·¤£·|¥¢¸¨¡]Preservation of Saints

[3] ¥q¥¬¯u (Charles Haddon Spurgeon) 

1850 ¦~¡A¦b¤@­Ó­·³·¥æ¥[ªºÂ§«ô¤é¦­±á¡Aªª®v¦]¥æ³q¨üªý¡A¶m§øªº¤p±Ð·|¤D¤½±À¤@¦ì¥­«H®{Á¿¹D¡A¥LÁ{®É±ÀÁ|¤W»O¡A¤ßùبD¯«½ç¥L´¼¼z¡A·íÁ¿¨ì¡§¦a·¥ªº¤H³£·í¥õ±æ§Ú(¯«)¡A´N¥²±o±Ï¡C¡¨(ÁÉ¥|¤Q¤­¡G22)¡A©¿«üµÛ¤@¦ì«C¦~»¡¡G¡§«C¦~¤H°Ú¡I§Úª¾§A¦p¤µ¦b§xÃø¤¤¡A½Ð´Â­C¿q±æ¥h¡B±æ¥L¡B±æ¥L¡B±æ¥L¡C¡¨³o¦ì«C¦~¤j¨ü·P°Ê¡A±q¦¹±o±Ï¡A¨ÃÄm¨­ªA¨Æ¥D¡C³o ¦ìÁ¿¹DªÌ´N¬O­^°êªº¦Wªª¥q¥¬¯u¡C

¡@¡@¥q¤óªº¥ý¯ª¬O¤Ï¹ï°ê±Ðªº²üÄõ¤H¡A¯ª¤÷¬O­^°ê¿W¥ß±Ð·|ªºªª®v¡A¥L¤Q¤C·³®É´N¨ü¸u爲¶m§øªºªª®v¡A¤H­ÌºÙ¥L爲¡§¥i·Rªº¤Ö¦~«Å¹DªÌ¡¨¡C¤G¤Q·³³Q½Ð¥h­Û´°®û«H·|¥ôªªÂ¾¡AÁöµL¤j¾Ç¾Ç¾ú«o·¥¦³Á¿¹D®¦½ç¡A¥L¦Û­×¬Æ¶Ô¡A¦³Ãö¯«¾Ç¡B¾ú¥v¡B¬ì¾Ç¡B¶Ç°O¡B¤å¾Çµ¥®Ñ¡A³£µê¤ß¬ãŪ¡A¤S¶Ô©ó¼g§@¡C´¿¥Xª©Á¿³¹¹F¤T¤d¾l½g¡A¦@¤C¤Q¤­¥U¡C¥Xª©®ÑÄy¤@¦Ê¤T¤Q¤­³¡¡A¨ä¤¤³ÌµÛ¦Wªº¬O¡§¤j½Ã¤TÄ_Âá¨(§Y¸Ö½gªºª`ÄÀ)¡A©M¡§¦­±ßÆF­×¡¨³o¨â®Ñ¡C¥q¤óÁ¿¹Dªº­«­n¯SÂI¬O´M§ä¦X¥G¯«¦®ªºÃD§÷¡A³Ì­«­n¡§¥H¸g¸Ñ¸g¡¨ªº¤èªk¡C¥L¬O¤@­ÓºÖ­µ©Êªº¥[º¸¤å¬£¡A¦b¥L¶Ç¹Dªºªì´Á¡A¬J¤Ï¹ï¹L°¾¿Eªº¥[º¸¤å¬£(¯«ªº¹w©w½×)¡A¤S¼Ä¾×¨È¦Ì¯Ã´µ¥D¸q(»P¥[º¸¤å¬£¬Û¤Ï)¡A¥L§åµû­^°ê¸t¤½·|ªº¬~§¤è¦¡¡A¥D±i¥²¶·¦]«H¦Ó¨ü¬~¡A¤Ï¹ï¨Ï¥Îë§i®Ñ¤§僞µ½¡A¦ý¥L©l²×¨S¦³¥t³Ð¤@­Ó©v¬£¡C¥q¥¬¯uªº¨à¤l¦h°¨¡A©M®]¤l³£¨B¨ä«á¹Ð¡A¦Û«C¦~®É¥N´NÄm¨­爲¶Ç¹D¤u§@¡A¥q¤ó³u¥@©ó¤@¤K¤E¤G¦~¡A¨ä´Ã¤W¸m¤@¸t¸g¡A¬O¥L¥Í¥­³Ì³ßÅwŪªº®Ñ¡A¨É¦~¤­¤Q¤K·³¡C